การใช้คำกริยาเน้นผู้กระทำหรือผู้ถูกกระทำ VOICE 2

3 การใช้คำกริยาเน้นผู้กระทำหรือผู้ถูกกระทำ (2) (VOICE (2))

การเปลี่ยนรูปประโยคจากการเน้นประธาน (active voice) มาเป็นการเน้นกรรม (passive voice) ต้องเป็นไปตามกฎของกาล (tense) ดังตารางข้างล่างนี้

	TENSE	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
อดีต	past simple past continuous past perfect past perfect continuous	We ate ice-cream. We were eating ice-cream. We had eaten ice-cream. We had been eating ice-cream.	Ice-cream was eaten (by us)1. Ice-cream was being eaten. Ice-cream had been eaten. Ice-cream had been being eaten2.
ปัจจุบัน	present simple present continuous present perfect present perfect continuous	We eat ice-cream. We are eating ice-cream. We have eaten ice-cream. We have been eating ice-cream.	Ice-cream is eaten. Ice-cream is being eaten. Ice-cream has been eaten. Ice-cream have been being eaten2.
อนาคต	future simple future continuous future perfect future perfect continuous	We will eat ice-cream. We will be eating ice-cream. We will have eaten ice-cream. We will have been eating ice-cream.	Ice-cream will be eaten. Ice-cream will be being eaten. Ice-cream will have been eaten. Ice-cream will have been being eaten2.

หมายเหตุ

1. อาจเติมหรือตัดผู้กระทำ (by ...) ออกได้

2. ไม่นิยมใช้รูป perfect continuous tense

3. ในกรณีที่จะเปลี่ยนคำกริยาซึ่งมีกริยาช่วยอยู่ด้วยให้เป็นรูป passive voice ให้เติม be, being และ been สำหรับรูปแบบ simple, continuous และ perfect tense เช่น He might finish the work. > The work might be finished. (รูป simple tense) You should be doing the job. > The job should be being done. (รูป continuous tense) They could have finished it. > It could have been finished. (รูป perfect tense)

CONVERSATION 1
A: Don't go into that room now. It's being fumigated.
B: Where can we go now? The other room has already been taken.

CONVERSATION 2
A: There are lots of mosquitoes in this room, so it has been fumigated just now.
B: We can't go to the other room. It is already occupied.